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A Picture from History: Charles Whittlesey & the Lost Battalion

In this Picture from History, we take a look at Medal of Honor Recipient Charles Whittlesey and the Lost Battalion.
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    The world was at war to an extent that it had never been before, and one American lawyer found himself in the midst of the fighting.

    On October 2, 1918, Major Charles Whittlesey received orders to take a mill and a selection of roads deep within German territory.

    Charles Whittlesey as a student at Williams College
    Charles Whittlesey as a student at Williams College

    If successful, not only would the Germans be denied access to local resupply routes, but the Allies would gain resupply routes as well. 

    The only problem? 

    The Germans held this ground for almost four years, and they haven’t been sitting idle. 

    A Well-Entrenched Foe

    Whittlesey in Uniform in 1918
    Whittlesey in Uniform in 1918

    Whittlesey knew the extent of the orders. Ahead of him laid a network of German trenches 550 yards deep…and that was the easy part. 

    If his men could somehow manage to overtake 550 yards of well-fortified German positions, they would then find themselves facing the second German line — which was even worse. 

    The second line was over a mile deep, laced with trenches and barbed wire throughout. Any chance of pushing through would require massive amounts of men.

    German dugouts in the Argonnes
    German dugouts in the Argonnes

    Even getting to the second line after bypassing the first would require an impossible amount of luck. Thick forest buffered the two German lines.

    Artillery and machine gun fire had already been pre-dialed to rain down on those positions should the first line be breached.

    Hell Fighters from Harlem, painting by H. Charles McBarron, Jr., depicting the Meuse–Argonne offensive
    Hell Fighters from Harlem, painting by H. Charles McBarron, Jr., depicting the Meuse–Argonne offensive

    If Whittlesey’s men did manage to take over the first line, a massacre awaited them. Yet Whittlesey responded, “All right, I’ll attack, but whether you’ll hear from me again, I don’t know.” 

    And then the 77th Division attacked.

    American gun crew during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive
    American gun crew during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive

    Moving Forward

    Against all odds, Whittlesey’s men managed to push through the first line and take Hill 198.

    But in war, the enemy always has a vote, and for the men of 77th Division, it meant that their flanks on both sides hadn’t succeeded in moving forward as much as they should have. The result? 

    The 77th Division was surrounded. 

    U.S. Marines during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive
    U.S. Marines during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive

    Without Hope

    Straight ahead of Whittlesey’s men was a German position nestled within a ravine amid bluffs 200 feet high and loaded with troops. They knew exactly where the men of the 77th were and fully intended to kill them. 

    The sniper and machine gun fire were constant as wave after wave of Germans were sent to kill the Americans. German flamethrowers attempted numerous times to dislodge the 77th’s position but weren’t able. 

    German soldiers drawing water at Argonne
    German soldiers drawing water at Argonne

    After several days of heavy fighting, Whittlesey’s men finally ran out of food and water.

    A stream was nearby, but each time men ran to retrieve water, they made for easy pickings by the snipers. Lines of communication were cut, and things were looking grim.

    It was during this time the Army began referring to the men as the Lost Battalion. There was little hope.

    Members of the Lost Batallion
    Members of the Lost Batallion

    And then things got worse. 

    Friendly Fire

    An Allied plane overhead mistakenly thought the Lost Battalion was a collection of Germans and sent the coordinates back to a nearby artillery unit. As friendly fire began to rain down on his men, Whittlesey had to think up a solution and fast. 

    Grabbing pen and paper, he scrawled out a message and sent it out via one of the last carrier pigeons his men had — a bird named Cher Ami. 

    Taxidermized Cher Ami on display at the Smithsonian
    Taxidermized Cher Ami on display at the Smithsonian (Photo: United States Signal Corps)

    Cher Ami succeeded in getting the message back, and the artillery barrage was stopped. 

    Final Thoughts

    Finally, on October 7, Whittlesey’s men were saved by a rescue mission. Despite the friendly fire, the lack of food and water, and the constant presence of overwhelming odds, his force had made it.

    The 1st or Famous Lost Battalion, 308th Infantry. 77th Division, after passing through the Victory Arch on Fifth Avenue, New York.

    A total of 107 had been killed, 190 were wounded, and 63 had just disappeared, but they hadn’t been annihilated. The Lost Battalion had been found again.

    For his efforts, Charles Whittlesey would later be awarded the Medal of Honor. 

    This is a new style of article for Pew Pew Tactical, if you liked it — let us know in the comments! If you didn’t enjoy it…well phooey. To catch up on previous Pictures from History, click on over to our History Category.

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    12 Leave a Reply

    • Bull o' the Woods

      Since this is a gun website, the more interesting item (to me) is the gun in the famous photo above captioned "American gun crew during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive." That is one strange-looking gun to my eye. I'm no expert, but I think it may be a Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP (37mm mle. 1916). It was a French infantry support gun used to suppress German machine gun nests. Many French weapons were provided to American troops during the war, e.g., the infamous Chauchat. I think the 37mm cannon in the photo is another example. I think those are Marines firing it but cannot be certain.

      September 19, 2022 8:19 pm
    • Bull o' the Woods

      About Whittlesey (from the interwebs, so it must be true, right?): "His fame as the first man of the war to receive the Medal of Honor, as well as illnesses related to his gassing during the war and a severe case of PTSD, followed him constantly. In 1921, after three years of nonstop publicity over the event, failing health, and unending psychic torment, Whittlesey booked passage on a vacation steamer to Cuba, telling no one of his plans. At about 2330 hrs on the night of 26 November 1921, the first night of the voyage, Charles Whittlesey stood up from the table in the ship's saloon that he had been sharing with a fellow passenger, politely excused himself, strode out the door into the darkness beyond, and leapt over the side of the ship."

      September 19, 2022 8:00 pm
    • Ronny

      Important part of history. I very much enjoyed seeing it remembered again. Please continue with similar articles highlighting brave Americans.

      September 19, 2022 12:22 pm
    • SW

      Great article. Hope to see more of the same.

      September 19, 2022 3:09 am
      • Aden

        Thanks SW. Glad you liked them. There are more APIH pieces in the southwest of the page right under where the related articles are that may scratch your itch.

        September 19, 2022 2:22 pm
    • dennis hawxhurst

      Great movie too. A real treasure. One of the best war movies.

      September 18, 2022 7:24 pm
      • Ronny

        I agree, movie was well done. Another was the story of Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders in Cuba. I cannot remember the movie title.

        September 19, 2022 12:24 pm
    • Chuck Cochran

      Being a student of the Great War, the story of the Lost Battalion, has been a favorite since I was a lad. Excellent job of hitting the highlights of the Lost Battalion's story.

      September 18, 2022 3:55 pm
      • Ronny

        After the war Whittlesley committed suicide. Another part of his story.

        September 19, 2022 12:27 pm
        • Chuck Cochran

          Was his suicide related to his experience? I don't remember reading about a cause, though I do remember he committed suicide.

          September 19, 2022 2:04 pm
    • PA

      Wow. Great read. Another excellent historical write up from PPT. Would also love to see more stories from the Pacific Theater. Especially enjoyed the one from a few months ago: A Picture from History: Raid at Cabanatuan. Thanks!

      September 18, 2022 8:30 am
      • Aden

        Thanks PA. I'm glad you liked 'em. Next time I go to Pennsylvania, I'll think you.

        September 19, 2022 2:20 pm
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